Art Deco, 1910-1940 – The Art Deco Style was developed for the French luxury market after World War I. Art Deco left its mark on everything from lamps and foot stools to purses and hair combs. The style was adopted in Ontario by wealthy and very fashionable patrons who wanted Art Deco detailing to make their buildings look lavish and exotic.
Hamilton – Sanford Avenue Public School – Industry, Integrity, Service – Erected A.D. 1932 – Art Deco styleHalton Hills Book – Georgetown – 70 Mill Street – Old Post Office – 1935 – Outstanding example of Art Deco style institutional buildingWindsor Book 2 – 1011 Ouellette Avenue – Medical Arts Building – seven-story Art Deco style commercial building of limestone and brick built in 1930 – characterized by classical symmetry and graceful lines; finely detailed limestone facade crowned by an angular parapet and enhanced by three vertical bays and an arched stone entrance sheltered by a bronze and glass canopy Corinthian pilasters flanking the entrance which features carvings of the traditional medical symbol of the caduceus, which also appears above the sixth-floor windows
Art Moderne, 1930-1945 – This style originated in the United States with rounded corners, smooth walls, and flat roofs. Large expanses of glass were used, even wrapping around corners.
Preston – 443 Duke Street – Art Moderne styleKitchener Book 2 – 44 Weber Street West – Art Moderne with rounded corners, smooth walls, flat roofsOrangeville Book 3 – 5 First Street – Art Moderne style with flat roof, glass block windows, curved corners – built by Fred Webb c. 1944 and housed the Orangeville Dairy and Dairy Bar until 1969
Arts and Crafts: The overlying theme – the house was based on the function of the house. Rooms were oriented to take advantage of the movement of the sun for warmth and light during daylight hours. Side entrances allowed for usable space on the front facade for light or garden use. Features include: wood, stone or stucco siding; low-pitched roof; wide eaves with triangular brackets; exposed roof rafters; porch with thick square or round columns; stone porch supports; exterior chimney made with stone; open floor plans with few hallways; many windows, some with stained or leaded glass; beamed ceilings; dark wood wainscoting and moldings; built-in cabinets, shelves, and seating.
Belleville Book 2 – 165 William Street – Arts and Crafts – stone and brickAmherstburg Book 1 – 495 Dalhousie Street – Argyle Castle – 1894 – Arts and Crafts style, Palladian style window with window hood, turretNorth Bay – 610 Copeland Avenue – The Milne Residence is an impressive home located on an unusually large lot. It was built for William Milne Sr. in the early 1900s. Milne was the owner of Wm. Milne & Sons Lumber Company which was located at the present site of the Ministry of Natural Resources on Trout Lake Road from the early 1900s to 1944. Milne was also a former alderman and Mayor of North Bay in 1909 and 1910. The house is set back on the property. The large side yard housed a tennis court during the first two decades of the house. The exterior is simple, but the structure is reminiscent of the local history of the lumber and crafts industry. The exterior walls are sheathed with shiplap-type wood siding. The roof is sheathed in wood shingles. The veranda, which wraps around the front and side of the home, once extended to the rear of the home as well, but it was later removed.Smithville – 120 St. Catharine Street – Arts and Crafts
Craftsman 1905-1925 – The Craftsman style is derived from the Arts and Crafts movement of the early 20th Century. It was a style that builders could take on with or without the services of an architect, and generally used locally sourced materials. It promoted simplicity with clean lines and evoked strength and quality in how the exterior components were placed. The earlier traditional Craftsman house tended to be symmetrical in its proportions. It was at least two floors, sometimes up to three on large lots in neighborhoods such as Mount Pleasant, Kitsilano and Shaughnessy. The form was defined primarily by gables and porches. Deep-set full width porches, a carry-over from Edwardian Builder houses, were common. Sleeping porches were popular.
Halton Hills – Georgetown – 22 Charles Street – Good example of a Craftsman style residence with a steeply pitched side-gable roof that extends over the verandaMount Brydges – 22417 Adelaide Road – This beautiful Craftsman style residence was originally constructed in 1916 as the residence of Clarence and Lily Steer. The Steers were merchants of the general store located on the east side of Adelaide Road. The store also had the Post Office and the I.O.O.F. lodge hall. As a style of residential architecture, the Arts and Crafts Movement reflected the increasing wealth of the expanding middle class. True to the Craftsman style, this four-bedroom home featured beautiful woodwork throughout, with a grand wood staircase, a large den with wood panels on the walls, and a dining room with molded wood ceiling panels.
Classical Revival, 1820-1860 – This style was an analytical, scientific, and dogmatic revival based on intensive studies of Greek and Roman buildings, concerned with the application of Greek plans and proportions to civic buildings. Schools, libraries, government offices, and most other civic buildings were built in the Classical Revival style. The white columned porches of the Classical Revival domestic buildings are identified with the mansions of wealthy land owners in Canada.
Cayuga – 55 Munsee Street – Court House – 1923 – Classical Revival style of architecture – low hipped roof, pilastersCobourg Book 1 – 351 William Street – c. 1840s – built by Peter McCallum, a prominent merchant – Classical Revival style of architecture – The attractive portico and veranda were added c. 1900. The porch is supported by four squared Doric columns.Kingston Book 1 – 294 King Street East – Custom House – 1856-1858 – Classical Revival style made from hammered limestone blocks from local quarries – voussoirs on lower windows and door, pillared entrance, window hood on second floor center window – The Kingston Custom House was built 1856-59 for the government of the United Canadas. The symmetrical composition of the two-story ashlar building, surmounted by a restrained cornice and parapet, draws on the British classical tradition. The orderly design is achieved through repeated use of semi-circular forms for doors and windows.St. Catharines Book 5 – 26 Yates Street – Classical Revival – second floor semi-circular balcony above pillared porch with composite capitals, sidelights and transomSt. George Book 2 – 154 Bethel Road – Bethel Stone United Church – 1864 – built from local stone gathered from the fields – Classical Revival style with elliptical arches over the 12-over-12 windowsSt. Marys Book 1 – 31 King Street South – 1857 – one of the first houses in St. Marys built of brick (salmon-pink now painted white) – Classical RevivalThunder Bay Book 2 – 277 Camelot Street – The District Court House was constructed in 1924 in the Classical Revival style. The building is symmetrical and is constructed of structural steel with brick walls. The imposing exterior of the building includes the Classical pediment above the main entrance which is supported by four Corinthian columns. The white Tyndall limestone used for the columns, sills and the window casement rim contains visible fossils.West Flamborough – 252 Highway 8 – McKinlay-McGinty House c. 1848 – Classical Revival architectural style – The front entrance is screened by four Tuscan wooden columns. The main door is flanked by pilasters of ashlar limestone set on a plinth and surmounted by a limestone lintel carved to simulate a rusticated voussoir. The door frame is flanked by sidelights with a four-light transom above. Above the entrance there is a Palladian-inspired window, set within an elliptical arch, with a central semi-circular headed window with Gothic glazing bars, flanked by a pair of lancet windows showing the growing influence of the Picturesque and early Gothic Revival movement. Above this window is a recessed yellow brick lozenge pattern detail below a low gable with return eaves. The front windows have shutters and rusticated voussoirs.Windsor Book 1 – 350 Devonshire Road – Walkerville Town Hall – 1904 – Classical Revival – symmetrical, belt courses (a continuous row of stones set in the wall), angled quoins, burst pediment above door with coat of arms, dormers, cupolaWindsor Book 1 – 2100 Richmond Street – Walkerville Collegiate – 1922 – Classical Revival style
Greek Revival – have gabled or hipped roofs with low pitches. The cornice of the main roof usually has a wide band which represents the entablature of classical Greek architecture consisting of the frieze and the architrave. Greek or Roman columns usually support the porch. The front door is surrounded by sidelights and a rectangular transom and is usually dressed with pilasters, pediments and/or columns.
Amherstburg Book 1 – Dalhousie Street – Greek Revival, two-story Doric pillars, pediment, second floor balcony, side lights beside doorCayuga – 243 Haldimand Highway 54 – Ruthven Estate, the main house and wing, c. 1845, was designed by the master building/ architect John Latshaw. Ruthven Park is a 1,500-acre country estate. The house is in the Greek Revival style with a broad staircase leading to a front landing with classical columns. The south wing was added c. 1860, the south-east wing c. 1880, and the east wing c. 1884. It was the former home of five generations of the Thompson family from the 1840s to 1990s.Cobourg Book 5 – 120 University Avenue East – Victoria College – 1832 – Edward Crane, architect and builder. This is in the Greek Revival style and was built as the Academy of the Methodist Church and became one of Canada’s earliest degree-granting universities in 1841. Egerton Ryerson, a prominent educator and founder of the Ontario public school system, was its first President. After forming a vital part of the Town’s academic and cultural life for over fifty years, Victoria College was persuaded to relocate to Toronto in 1892 and today remains affiliated with the University of Toronto.Cobourg Book 5 – 10 Chapel Street – c. 1841 – This house has Georgian features – balanced facade, medium-pitched roof, and robust end chimneys. Its rather heavy and severe doorway, with its single panel, is characteristic of the Greek Revival style.Oshawa Book 2 – 270 Simcoe Street North – Parkwood, McLaughlin Estate – Colonel Robert Samuel McLaughlin and “Billy” Durant signed a 15-year contract in 1907, under which the McLaughlin Motor Company began to manufacture automobiles under the McLaughlin name, using Buick engines and other mechanical parts. Buick was merged into General Motors shortly after, and in 1915 the firm acquired the manufacturing rights to the Chevrolet brand. Within three years, the McLaughlin Motor Car Company and the Chevrolet Motor Car Company of Canada merged, creating General Motors of Canada in 1918 with McLaughlin as President. With the wealth he gained in his business venture, in 1916 McLaughlin built one of the stateliest homes in Canada, “Parkwood.” The 55-room residence was designed by Toronto architect John M. Lyle. McLaughlin lived in the house for 55 years with his wife and they raised five daughters. Parkwood today is open to the public as a National Historic Site.Peterborough Book 2 – 413 Rubidge Street – Grover Nichols House – an outstanding example of Greek Revival architecture, modified in the Palladian manner, it was begun about 1847 by P.M. Grover, a well-to-do local merchant. The square pillars are a Classical Greek feature. The local Masonic Lodge held its meetings here from 1849 to 1853 and the Masons purchased this imposing house in 1950.Windsor Book 1 – 415 Devonshire Road – Bank of Commerce – 1907 – Classical Greek, scrolled Ionic capitals on fluted columns, with a plain pediment above
Colonial Revival (1900 – 2003) – an attempt to recall the architecture of the first colonies in North America. Ontario, or Upper Canada, was largely colonized by United Empire Loyalists, English people who were not interested in joining the independence movement of the United States. Colonial Revivals are a tribute to the early settlers. The design is symmetrical, balanced, and refined, often with pedimented porticoes, and large Ionic columns.
Kingsville Book 1 – 59 Division Street South – 2 story house built in 1909 in the Colonial Revival style – cut field stone foundation, hip roof, Doric columns
Dutch Colonial Revival, 1890-1930 – is distinguished by its gambrel roof, with or without flared eaves, and the frequent use of dormers. The gambrel style allowed an almost complete second floor without the expense of two-story construction. Characteristics: 1½ to 2 stories, clapboard or shingle siding, usually symmetrical facades, gable-end chimneys, round windows in gable end, porch under overhanging eaves, shed, hipped or gable dormers, columns for porches and entry.
Ajax – 567 Kingston Road West – Dutch Colonial style – gambrel roofWindsor Book 2 – 742 Victoria Avenue – Taylor-Growe House – built 1892 – two-story, Dutch Colonial Revival style with a gambrel roof, and clad in a wooden clapboard finish, fish scale shingles on front facade – symmetrical design, an upper story that overhangs the columned entry porch
Cape Dutch architecture is a traditional Afrikaner architectural style found mostly in the Western Cape of South Africa. The initial settlers of the Cape were primarily Dutch. When the Dutch came to Ontario, they brought with them building concepts from their own native lands. Architecture from the 18th and early 19th centuries in Ontario includes a wide assortment of detailing and ornament all applied to a basic building design centered around the fireplace and the source of water.
Delhi Book – LaSalette – Cape Dutch style of architectureEssex – 74 Irwin Avenue – Cape Dutch architecture
Neo-Colonial (also Colonial Revival, Georgian Revival or Neo-Georgian) architecture seeks to revive elements of architectural style of American colonial architecture of the period around the Revolutionary War which drew strongly from Georgian architecture of Great Britain. Architecture from the 18th and early 19th centuries in Ontario includes a wide assortment of detailing and ornament applied to a design centered around the fireplace and the source of water. Structures are typically two stories, have a symmetrical front facade with elaborate front doorways, often with decorative crown pediments, fanlights, and sidelights, symmetrical windows flanking the front entrance, often in pairs or threes, and columned porches.
Belleville Book 4 – Bridge Street West – Neo-Colonial style – gambrel roofCornwall – 101 Third Street West – Neo-colonial style – gambrel roof, dormerDunnville Book 1 – 307 Tamarac StreetFergus – 265 St. David Street North – James Argo Merchant c. 1867 – Neo-Colonial style – hipped roof, two-story-tall Doric porch pillars topped with pediment with decorated tympanumHalton Hills – Georgetown – 20 Guelph Street – 1917 – John J. Gibbons, Baker – Neo-Colonial, gambrel roof, covered porch with deep eaves, pedimentIngersoll Book 2 – 143 and 145 King Street East – Neo-Colonial style with gambrel rootsNiagara Falls Book 1 – 6140 Culp StreetWaterloo Book 1 – 29 Spring Street West – built in 1947 by Charlie Voelker in a Neo-Colonial style in red rug-brick veneer with vinyl siding on the gable ends, sun room and dormers; each of its elevations is symmetrical; gambrel roof with shed dormers in the Dutch style, nearly as wide as the house, at the front and rear; scalloping on the facade’s frieze; very large windows in the lower front facade
Neo-Classical, 1810-1850 – This style was a direct result of the War of 1812. Many Upper Canadians returning from the war with the United States were second or third generation Loyalists who had inherited land and means from their forefathers. Once the conflict had passed, they had the money and the time to expand their holdings and indulge their architectural whims. Both residential and commercial buildings were constructed on the traditional Georgian plan, but they had a new gaiety and lightheartedness. Detailing became more refined, delicate, and elegant.
Ayr – A subscription library was started in Ayr in the 1840s. Andrew Carnegie was asked for a grant to build a library and in 1909 Ayr became the smallest community in Ontario to receive a Carnegie grant. In 1911, the library moved into the building at 92 Stanley Street where it remained for 94 years. In 2004, the library moved into a newer 7,000-square-foot building at 137 Stanley Street, leaving this Neo-Classical building vacant.Grafton – 10830 County Road 2 – Grafton Village Inn was built in 1833 to replace a log building. The Neo-Classical building was restored in the early 1990s bringing it back to the early appearance that greeted travelers approaching from Kingston, York or Grafton Harbor. Its distinctive features include the front door surround with carved oak leaves and acorns, the second-floor Venetian window and the demi-lune windows at each gable end. The western wing was a later addition and at one time housed the telephone exchange.Grafton – 10568 County Road 2 – Barnum House (National Heritage Site of Canada) – The Barnum House was built between 1817 and 1819 by Eliakim Barnum, a United Empire Loyalist originally from Vermont. The house which stands just outside Grafton is the earliest example of Neo-Classical architecture in Canada. Barnum House was the first house museum to open in Ontario, restored and operated by the Architectural Conservancy of Ontario in 1940. In designing his house, Eliakim Barnum was influenced by American Architecture, popular in New England states at the beginning of the nineteenth century. This Neo-Classical style was intended to reproduce elements of classical Greek architecture. These include a central temple front with flanking wings, articulation of the facade with pilaster linked by elliptical arches, and extensive use of delicately scaled details. The Neo-Classical elements of the house’s exterior are echoed in the ornate woodwork of several interior rooms.Hamilton Book 1 – Canadian National Railway Station, 360 James Street North – It was built in 1931 – Neo-Classical style. The first passenger train left the station on February 20, 1930. The station was closed in 1993. In 1996, Hollywood producers of the movie “The Long Kiss Goodbye” offered CN $1 million to renovate the station and shoot part of the movie there. The publicity from this attracted the Labourer’s International Union of North America (LIUNA) who bought the station and spent $3 million in renovations to open it as a hall for weddings and other events.Hamilton Book 4 – 51 Aberdeen Avenue – Neo-Classical style with the colonnaded half-round portico, dormersKingston Book 1 – 191 King Street East – Cartwright House – 1832-33 – Neo-Classical – dressed stone blocks house – built for Reverend Robert David Cartwright and his bride, Harriet Dobbs of Dublin, Ireland – The appearance of the house has not changed since it was built; even the fence in front is original. Sir Richard Cartwright (December 24, 1835-1912) was born in this house. He became Canadian Minister of Finance and Minister of Trade and Commerce; he was an advocate of unrestricted reciprocity with the United States; his father was the Reverend David Cartwright, Chaplain to the forces and curate of St. George’s.Kingston Book 2 – 5 Court Street – Neo-Classical – 1855-1858 – limestone – two-story front portico with frieze, cornice, Ionic columns, pilasters, coffered ceiling and tympanum with the Royal Coat of Arms, a center three-story block and two-story side wings with pediments, and classical detailing – dome tower added after an 1874 fire with sixteen arched windows framed by pilasters and accented by molded arches and keystones with a top lantern; cupolas with octagonal drums and ribbed domes on the end pavilions were also added at this timeNiagara-on-the-Lake Book 1 – 26 Queen Street – Niagara Court House built in 1847 for the united counties of Lincoln, Welland and Haldimand – This is the third and only surviving court house erected for the former Niagara district. Constructed between 1846 and 1848, it is in the Neo-classical style. Though the courts were moved to St. Catharines in 1862, this building continued to play an important role in the life of the community. It served as the Town Hall and later as the founding home of the Shaw Festival.North Bay – 183 First Avenue West – North Bay Masonic Temple was built in 1928 and was first used as a meeting and dance hall. During the Second World War it served as a center for medical examinations of those local residents contemplating military service. The building is Neo-Classical in style with a symmetrical front facade. The outstanding architectural features of this building include the engaged piers and stepped parapet carried by the entablature. The grand stone entrance way expresses the major function of this structure as an assembly hall.Perth – Corner of Gore and Harvey Streets – McMartin House – c. 1831 – erected by United Empire Loyalist descendant, Daniel McMartin, Perth’s second lawyer – basic Neo-Classical style, and then embellished with unique stylistic features such as recessed arches and a cupola (belvedere) with flanking side lanterns (Federalist style) – widow’s walk on roofPort Hope Book 1 – 56 Queen Street – c. 1851-53 – The Town Hall has a center entrance with a round-headed fan-lighted transom on its seven-bay pilastered front. The building was designed in the Neo-Classical style. The central octagonal cupola has alternating four-paned, heavily mullioned transomed windows, and clock faces with Roman numerals. Louvered panels are separated by small slender Roman Doric colonettes.Port Hope Book 4 – 282 Ridout Street – Spry House – c. 1880 – Basically square in plan, this two-story Neo-Classical frame house is covered in clapboard finished with end boards. Its steeply pitched roof has a flat top section and houses a hipped-roof dormer in the front facade. Together with the projecting eaves are a plain-boxed cornice and an unadorned wooden frieze. The window openings are flat with simple wooden. The first-story main-facade windows have flat structural openings with a segmental stained-glass pane lying over a flat, clear-glass pane. The centered main door has thin recessed sidelights but no transom panel. The door surround is molded and emblazoned with an entablature. A columned portico enhances the entrance. The columns are doubled at the front corners and support a flat-topped, hipped roof with boxed cornice and a molded frieze decorated with tiny, paired dentils. Thomas Spry (1811-1884), originally from England, was a local blacksmith who had his shop on Cavan Street in the 1850s.St. Catharines Book 2 – 52 Dalhousie Avenue – Neo-Classical – two stories, symmetrical facade, second floor semi-circular balcony above pillared porchWelland Book 1 – 102 East Main Street – Welland County Court House – built in 1855-56, four years after the creation of Welland County; Neo-Classical style, built of Queenston limestone – the front of the building is dominated by a huge projecting portico surmounted by a classical pediment and four large Ionic columns, sidelights beside doorWindsor Book 2 – 706 Victoria Avenue – Neo-Classical style, symmetrical facade with a prominent columned entry porch sheltering the fanlight and sidelights of the paneled door; dentiled eaves, dormers in atticWoodstock Book 2 – 147 Light Street – Neo-Classical symmetrical two-story home with painted brick; 6/6 double hung windows and decorative shutters; tapered Doric pillars support an open verandah and open balcony; sidelights and transom flank the centered entranceWoodstock Book 3 – 410 Hunter Street – Neo-Classical Revival – Central Public School – built in 1880 – two story with usable attic, deep wood eaves with decorated brackets, parapet with broken cornice above main entrance, first floor window ellipse and double hung, second floor semi-circular, double front door with ellipse transom, name of school in stone above doorway on second floor, decorated trunked chimneys with corbel bricking, three entrances – boys, girls and teachers lead to large spacious halls, all reached by stepsWoodstock Book 3 – 487 Princess Street – This house was constructed by Ralph Bickerton, carpenter and builder, as his family home in 1881. His sons, William John, Robert George, and James Graham, established in 1885 the nationally-known Bickerton Brothers Harness and Saddlery business. Italianate, Neo-Classical – symmetrical full two story, red brick, dichromatic brick accent, trunked hip roof, decorative pediment above entrance, paired brackets on wide cornice with dentils, decorative shutters, centered door with etched glass transom, Doric columns support classical pediment roof
Neo-Georgian
Georgian architecture is the name given to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is named after the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover – George 1, George II, George III and George IV who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late nineteenth century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early twentieth century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture.
The Georgian style is highly variable, but marked by symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is normally in the classical tradition, but typically restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.
Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, giving symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before John Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of house fronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning.
Whitby Book 2 – 5 Princess Street – post World War II – 2½ story brick gable roofed house – Neo-Georgian style, with a two-story gable roofed wing to the north
Neo-Gothic (Collegiate Gothic): is monochromatic and on a much grander scale than Gothic. Early Neo-Gothic was the decorative use of Gothic elements with a lack of knowledge and understanding of Gothic construction. Neo-Gothic tried to understand the basic principles of Gothic and used them. Early Neo-Gothic churches were often plastered or painted, later Neo-Gothic churches were not. An important moment in the development of Neo-Gothic is the year 1853, when the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic church was fully restored in the Netherlands. Materials used were natural stone combined with brick. Around the year 1850 Neo-Gothicism was maturing and increasingly became a Roman Catholic style almost exclusively. Neo-Gothic was adopted as the style for schools and universities in the early years of the 20th century. The style became so common for scholastic buildings that it is often called Collegiate Gothic. Wall buttresses and finials are added, but they are generally far too small to be of any structural benefit.
Mount Pleasant – 637 Mount Pleasant Road – Emily Townsend House, circa 1860s – Alvah Townsend built this house for his daughter. It is a Neo-Gothic style home which has been well maintained.Mount Pleasant – 646 Mount Pleasant Road – “Scape Spa“ This circa 1850 Neo-Gothic style octagon is the only survivor of three similar buildings in Mount Pleasant. Shoemaker Richard Tennant took eight years to build it. Belvedere on the roof.North Bay – 555 Algonquin Avenue – Former North Bay Collegiate Institute & Vocational School – 1930 – The building has a projecting frontispiece with a recessed entrance with heavy oak doors. A secondary entrance has the motto “Learn to Live” inscribed in stone above the door.Oshawa Book 2 – 301 Simcoe Street North – O’Neill Collegiate and Vocational Institute offers a wide range of academic and extracurricular activities. It is known as an art school, drawing many students from around the Greater Toronto Area into its arts programs. The science programs are well developed, with multiple fully functional science labs. O’Neill CVI is the oldest secondary school in Oshawa, opened in its present location in 1909. The original building is still in the core of the school, but is not visible from outside. After several major expansions during the 1920s, OHS became Oshawa Collegiate and Vocational Institute in 1930. In the post-war era, when Oshawa began building other high schools, OCVI was renamed O’Neill Collegiate and Vocational Institute after long-time principal, Albert O’Neill, who had led its expansion and transition to collegiate status. O’Neill celebrated its 75th anniversary (as OCVI, though it is actually much older if the OHS days are included) in 2005 with a mural in the library and a reunion of students and teachers.
Neo-Tudor – At the same time that the Craftsman style was in vogue, the Neo-Tudor style also became popular. Both styles were striving to achieve a sense of coziness and quaintness, and sometimes Craftsman and Neo-Tudor components are mixed together. Neo-Tudor exteriors are usually a mixture of brick and stucco, often with some half-timbering included. Other characteristics include high-pitched roofs, asymmetrical configurations, enclosed entryways, fireplaces with ornamented chimneys and chimney pots, and casement windows.
St. Catharines Book 3 – 344 Merritt Street – The former Merritton Public Library was built in 1924 through a grant for the Andrew Carnegie Foundation. The building was designed in the Neo-Tudor style by renowned local architect Arthur Nicholson. The front entrance has a large Tudor-arch with decorative buttresses. A decorated parapet surrounds the flat roof and there is a single chimney. The exterior of the building is a dark discolored rough brick. There is a light colored stone frieze around the building located below the diamond shaped stone decorations in the brickwork. The many windows allow a lot of natural light into the building. The windows are surrounded by wooden mullions.St. Catharines Book 4 – 113 Lake Street – The former Grantham Fire Hall was constructed of steel and masonry in the Neo-Tudor style. The traditional red brick facade is laid in Flemish bond pattern; there is an elaborate decorative painted wood cornice and frieze. Decorative, rare circle muntin bars are in second floor windows. A stone carving set in entablature over the main door shows a fire carriage being pulled by horses, and stone plaques set in masonry show the firefighting crest. The building was built to accommodate a horse drawn hose wagon.
Palladian architecture is a European style derived from and inspired by the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508-1580). Palladio’s work was based on the symmetry, perspective and values of the formal classical temple architecture of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. The style continued to develop from the 17th century until the end of the 18th century.
Amherstburg Book 1 – 525 Dalhousie Street – Palladian Architecture – central core with a wing on each side; hipped roof, symmetrical front of central section are evidence of British Classicism – 23 roomsCobourg Book 1 – 55 King Street West – Victoria Hall – 1860 – It is in the Palladian Neo-Classical architectural style with Corinthian capitals on the fluted columns and pilasters decorating the facade. The building is topped with a massive clock tower with Corinthian columns. On the first floor is a courtroom, and a concert hall on the second floor. Standing at the heart of the downtown is Victoria Hall, a building that now serves as the town hall, as well as home of the Art Gallery of Northumberland, the Cobourg Concert Hall, and an Old-Bailey-style courtroom that is now used as the Council chamber. Victoria Hall is a landmark known for its impressive stone work. Charles Thomas (1820-1867), an English-born master stone carver and building contractor, executed the fine stone carvings, including the bearded faced keystone over the main entrance into the building. Victoria Hall was officially opened in 1860 by the Prince of Wales, later to become King Edward VII of the United Kingdom.
Byzantine Revival (or Neo-Byzantine) 1840s-1870s: was most frequently seen in religious, institutional and public buildings. Neo-Byzantine architecture incorporates elements of the Byzantine style associated with Eastern and Orthodox Christian architecture dating from the 5th through 11th centuries. The character of Byzantine architecture is determined by the development of the dome to cover polygonal and square plans for churches, tombs, and baptisteries. The practice of placing many domes over one building is in strong contrast to the Romanesque system of vaulted roofs. The system of construction in concrete and brickwork introduced by the Romans was adopted by the Byzantines. The skeleton of concrete and brickwork was first completed and allowed to settle before the surface sheathing of unyielding marble slabs was added. Brickwork lent itself externally to decorative whimsy in patterns and banding, and internally it was suitable for covering with marble, mosaic and fresco decoration. The grouping of small domes or semi-domes round the large central dome was one of the most remarkable peculiarities of Byzantine churches; the exterior closely corresponds with the interior. The features of the style are multiple domes, round-arched windows, and ample decoration.
St. Catharines Book 3 – 124 Rolls Avenue – Saints Cyril and Methodius Ukrainian Catholic Church – The style is Byzantine Revival which is typified by domes, decorative brickwork and stone arches. The plan of the building is typical church cruciform with a main rectangular body (nave) crossed by a transept. There are six multi-sided domes on the roof. The elaborate detailing is characteristic of this style and features seven different colors and textures of brick and stone executed mainly as varying heights of bands around the building.
Chemainus is located south of Nanaimo, and one hour north of Victoria on Trans-Canada Highway.
The name Chemainus comes from the native shaman and prophet Tsa-meeun-is (Broken Chest). Legend says that the man survived a massive wound in his chest to become a powerful chief.
Founded as a logging town in 1858, Chemainus has been tied to the forestry industry throughout its history. In the 1980s, realizing the slumping lumber industry could be devastating to the beautiful seaside community, a program was initiated to attract tourists to Chemainus. Artists began to paint murals depicting the town’s rich history on the walls of businesses and other buildings. Chemainus is now the world’s largest outdoor art gallery. Colorful murals fill every available wall in town while documenting local history in fascinating detail.
The Chemainus Murals have inspired communities throughout the world to explore their roots, to beautify their towns, and instill pride. Using the Chemainus model, some communities have used the mural concept to develop their own revitalization for stronger economic development.
Heritage Square is a meeting place for all people.
In 1862, the first Chemainus Saw Mill was powered by a fifty-foot waterfall. This energy turned a wooden wheel forty-five feet in diameter to which was attached a series of smaller wheels, chains and gears. The combination drove a vertical saw used to produce spars and cants for export.Three Generations Sculpture by Sandy Clark on Legion Street. – Al and Marg Johnson of Chemainus commissioned the creation of these fiberglass figures. The backdrop was painted at a later date. Al and Marg’s daughters donated the sculptures and backdrop to the Chemainus Festival of Murals Society after the deaths of their parents. It is a reminder that much dedication, community spirit, hard work and love made Chemainus “The Little Town That Did”.The Company Store is a 10 x 8-meter mural on Waterwheel Crescent. It was painted by Dan Sawatzky in 1983. Using an oval format, this mural shows an interior depiction of the Victoria Lumber & Manufacturing Co. Ltd. store, circa 1917. The artist recreated the deep perspective of the colorfully-laden shelves from old photographs. D.A. Gatus was the store manager. He is seen standing in the mid-ground. Ann Porter worked as a clerk, and is pictured on the left behind the counter. The V L & M Co. Ltd. used one of the first known credit card systems in the store. The purchaser would pay for the goods with coupons. In turn, the store would receive credit for the same from the company, which would deduct the amount from their employee’s pay check. The name “Victoria Lumber & Manufacturing Co. Ltd.”, and its trademark, the letter “V” in a diamond, became known throughout the world.Chemainus 1891 is a 16.4 x 3.5-meter mural on Mill Street painted by artist Isaac MacIagan in 1983. Passenger cars of the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway (E&N) steam their way across this scene of the settlement at Horseshoe Bay in 1891.
The predominant center road is present-day Mill Street.Maple Lane CafePatriotic feelings ran high as many men from Chemainus and area joined up soon after war was declared. By the end of September 1914, the mill had closed due to the war’s impact on shipping. The connection to the land the young soldiers had labored so hard to tame was severed. They left behind the fields and forest, the homesteads and the growing village, the families and elders, who would have to carry on. By the end of 1915, more than 15 percent of the local population had gone off to this bitter war; many would not return.House with turretA huge, foreshortened iron horse steams and belches dark smoke as it leaps out of its frame and almost off the wall of Dan Sawatzky’s former home and studio on Alder Street. The subject is a working engine operating in the Chemainus area early in the 20th century. Engineer Sam Alexander operated the No. 3 Climax Engine as it hauled logs along the rails of the Chemainus Valley. The E&N Railway was completed in 1886, although working trains had been a familiar sight in the community for several years. The larger engines plied the rails through the hills and the valleys of the E&N land belt, from which the Victoria Lumber & Manufacturing Co. Ltd. drew a great deal of its timber. Smaller, more compact engines worked nearer to and at the mill, shunting timber and finished products to where they were needed.ChemainusNew Image Fitness StudioLogging with Oxen is an 18.4 x 3.7-meter mural at Waterwheel Park. It was painted by Harold Lyon in 1983. Around 1898, oxen were the main form of power in logging where good timber was available. Large, well-equipped outfits used twenty to twenty-four oxen. These were divided into two teams: one drawing the logs from the bush to the road, while the other and stronger team was employed in skidding the logs to the water. Since the ox’s hoof has a thin shell, the oxen were carefully shod with thin, half-moon shaped iron shoes.Mural on Chemainus HarbourChemainus HarbourThe Spirit of Chemainus was painted by artist Dan Sawatsky in 1991 on the wall of the Pacific Shores Inn Hotel which is a quaint European-style Inn with the privacy and comforts of an American All-Suite Hotel.9875 Maple Street – Wreckless Potworxx Bistro and Grill9877 Maple Street – Shear Impressions Nail and Hair Salon9885 Maple Street – Twisted Sisters Tea RoomChemainus Outdoor Gathering was painted in 2010-2013 by Lurene Haines on Willow Street. The mural is a two-part story of a typical outdoor Chemainus community gathering, with Mount Brenton in the background, set in the late 1800s. It depicts women, men and children in clothing appropriate for the time. The mural covers two sides of the Chemainus Seniors Drop-In Centre. The first segment is on part of the south wall, facing the centre’s parking lot and downtown Chemainus. The second segment and the largest piece, on the north wall facing the lane, contains the main body of the mural. The mural is designed with the first segment featuring people traveling north toward the large, second segment wall. The orientation of the first segment figures is designed to draw the onlooker’s attention and interest toward the main body of the mural.Chemainus Outdoor Gathering MuralPainted by D. G. Chamberlain in 1988The Older Generations – By Barrie Shaw-Rimmington – on Willow Street – Neil Newton and Dianne Hopkins of Chemainus commissioned this sculpture around 1990. It was created from a series of walk around photos of Neil’s parents, Yvonne and Tom Newton. It is made of Resin mixed with bronze particles then colored with acrylic paint.The Hermit was painted in 2004 by Paul Ygartua on Willow Street. After a life of living rough, Charlie Abbott wandered into Chemainus and settled into a wooded area nearby. Living alone in the forest he loved, he began transforming it. He planted flower beds, walled pathways, trails, and secluded corners. Charlie’s solitary sanctuary, the Hermit Trail, was a masterpiece of garden and wilderness which he shared with visitors until his death in 1989, at the age of 87.Chemainus HomeThe Thirty-Three Meter Collage was painted in 1982 by artists Frank Lewis and Nancy Lagana and is on Legion Street. At the center, a boom man sorts logs in the slippery danger of the log dump. The mill is portrayed here as it was in 1892; it was the third operation to be built on the site. Owned by the Victoria Lumber & Manufacturing Co. Ltd., it was improved over the years until a fire destroyed it in 1923.Arrival of the H.M.S. Reindeer in Horseshoe Bay (now called Chemainus Bay) in 1869 was painted by artists Sandy Clark and Lea Goward in 1983. A luminescent cedar bark cloak envelops the figure of a Native princess as she watches the arrival of the sloop Her Majesty’s Ship Reindeer. The ship’s commander, Captain A.E. Kennedy, was an acquaintance of Isabel and Thomas George Askew, pioneers of Chemainus and mill owners for many years. The Reindeer made regular stops in Horseshoe Bay on its rounds of the coast.In Search of Snipes is a sculpture by artist Glen Spicer and was cast in 1986. On a moonlit summer’s night in 1913, two strangers found their way into Chemainus. While socializing with the locals, they were told of elusive snipes hiding in the forest, and that this would be a perfect night to catch them. The strangers were shown the secret place in the woods and instructed to hold a lit lantern in front of an open sack, into which the locals, acting as beaters, would drive the snipe. The townsfolk then stole back to the village. After hours of waiting, the boys realized they had been innocent victims of a bit of mischief, and they too returned to the village to join the others and share a good laugh. Snipes, like dreams, can be captured. Through hard work, Chemainus embraced its “snipe” when yesterday’s dreams became today’s realities. Due to irreparable damage, the stranger holding the lantern has been removed and placed in storage.The mural of Billy Thomas was painted on the General Store by Sandy Clark in 1984. Billy Thomas was born in 1874 and was the first male child of European ancestry born in the Chemainus Valley. Thomas lived here for all of his 102 years.Skating on Fuller Lake is a mural painted in 2007 by Dan Sawatsky on the lane beside the Chemainus Theatre. The climate of Vancouver Island has changed over time. Winters brought snow and on occasion Fuller Lake froze over. Children and adults strapped on their skates and spent a few enjoyable hours at the lake. Impromptu hockey games were great fun.9737 Chemainus Road – Chemainus Theatre – completed in 1993The mural of Orcas reminds me of the puzzle I just completed, Orca Journey by Wyland, a well-known marine-life artist.
Beaux Arts: Promoters of this style sought to express the classical principles on a grand and imposing scale. Many of the Beaux Arts buildings were banks, post offices, and railway stations. The Ontario Beaux Arts style is eclectic mixing elements of Classical, Renaissance and Baroque. Often the designs have a temple-like facade, porticoes with pediments, balustrades, and capitals in many styles.
This neoclassical style is named for the French School of Architecture – “Ecole des Beaux-Arts“ that had a great impact on architecture during the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century. Beaux-Arts architecture employs balance and symmetry and a hierarchy of spaces – from “noble spaces,” such as grand entrances and staircases, to utilitarian ones of increasing privacy. Beaux-Arts buildings are often grand and ornate, but always exhibit clarity of form and are decorated with classical elements such as columns. In Ontario, the Beaux-Arts style was most prominently used for civic buildings.
Belleville Book 4 – 366 North Front Street at Campbell Street – Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce – Beaux Arts style – engaged columns with Doric capitals, voussoirs and keystonesCambridge – Galt Book 2 – 34 Water Street – Galt Public Library – 1903 – Beaux Arts style with pillars topped with capitals, triangular pediment with three acroterions, and the tympanum decorated with a Renaissance wreath surrounding an open library book; dentil molding. The cornice over the door has a central acroterion as well as two acroterions on the corners.Cayuga – 1 Cayuga Street NorthHamilton Book 1 – 55 Main Street West – Hamilton Public Library was constructed in 1913 in the Beaux Arts style with pillars, dentil molding under cornice. It served as the main library for 67 years. Refurbished in 1989 to house the Unified Family Court.Kitchener Book 2 – Wilfrid Laurier University building – Beaux Arts styleNew Hamburg Book 1 – 145 Huron Street – New Hamburg Public Library – Beaux Arts/Classical Revival styleOrangeville Book 2 – The decorative stonework on the Broadway and Mill Street facades is a hallmark of the Beaux-Arts Classicism style with the use of columnsPerth – 77 Gore Street East (corner of Basin Street) – The McMillan Building – 1907 – former Carnegie Library – Beaux Arts style – pediments, pilasters with composite capitals, elaborate keystonesPort Colborne Book 1 – 212-214 West Street – Constructed in 1911, the Imperial Bank of Commerce has a terracotta exterior and is in the Beaux Arts style. There is a dominant cornice and arched windows.Port Hope Book 2 – 175 Dorset Street West – David Smart House (The Hillcrest) – c. 1870 – This house is the only example of “Beaux Arts” architecture in Port Hope. An addition to the house was made around 1900 which consists of the large Jeffersonian portico on the north. This massive two and a half-story structure is held by fluted columns with large Corinthian capitals, the main original portion of the house is hipped roof section with two polygonal wings at each end. This section sports beautiful Palladian dormers, bracketed eaves and a grand verandah. The house was built for David Smart, a barrister and notary public who married Emily A. Worts of Gooderham and Worts Distilleries of Toronto. Smart became a director of that distillery.Sault Ste. Marie – 420 Queen Street East – Ministry of the Attorney General Court House was completed in 1922 in the Beaux Arts Classical style. It shows fine workmanship, good material and attention to details. The imposing, symmetrical, three-story structure is built of orange-brown stone and brick. It is set back from the street on an elevated site and approached by a circular driveway. Its temple front facade consists of Ionic columns supporting a brick pediment.Smiths Falls – 81 Beckwith Street North – Smiths Falls Public Library – 1903 – Beaux Arts style, Ionic pillars supporting pediment with decorated tympanum and decorative cornice; corner quoinsSt. Marys Book 1 – 15 Church Street North – 1905 – Beaux Arts style, Public Library built of St. Marys limestone – pediment with dentil molding, pillars with Corinthian capitalsThunder Bay Book 4 (Fort William) – 440 South Syndicate Avenue – Built in 1911 as a union station by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) and the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (GTPR), the station served as a passenger terminal and as administrative headquarters for the vast grain-handling facilities that were the foundation of the community. Union Station is a good example of Beaux-Arts design applied to a railway station. Notable architectural features include a projecting central bay with stone quoins and two wheat sheaves carved in Bedford stone, an arched entrance with a transom light, and projecting end bays with pilasters topped with decorative elements.Tillsonburg – 88 Bidwell Street – St. Paul’s United ChurchWaterloo Book 2 – 227 King Street South – The head office of The Mutual Life Assurance Company of Canada (now head office of Sun Life Financials Canadian operations) was completed in 1912. The Renaissance Revival style building is ornamented with features such as the two-story fluted paired Ionic columns supporting a large segmental arch above the main doors, elaborate window surrounds, and a parapet with a balustrade. It is clad in light brown and yellow Roman brick, and embellished with projecting pedimented bays and quoins. Many of the decorative details on the facade are made from imported English terracotta. Situated within a Beaux Arts designed landscape, the building is a unique and iconic corporate pavilion. The monumental scale of the building and its rich ornamentation symbolize the importance and stability of Waterloo’s first life insurance company and reflect the town’s early twentieth century prosperity and sense of civic pride.Woodstock Book 3 – 445 Hunter Street – Public Library – built in 1909 – Beaux-Arts Classicism style – brick, stucco on details such as quoins, columns, portico, Corinthian order columns with flutes, formed metal cornice, flat roof, Carnegie library
The Tudor Revival is a twentieth century movement in architecture based on sixteenth century English tastes, adapted to modern comforts. Tudor Revival structures tend to have steeply pitched roofs, often with heavy shingles. Some attempt to create the appearance of a thatched roof. Chimneys are common to find on Tudor Revival houses and are often decorated with stonework to make them stand out. If the roof contains odd angles, shapes, or asymmetrical placements of gables, eaves, and other features, the house is built on an asymmetrical floor plan. Tudor-era cottages were built upon over time, with each generation adding or taking away from the family home. As a result, the floor plans were often uneven. Tudor Revival homes are generally designed and built all at once, but the asymmetrical layout helps capture the feel of a family cottage that has been amended over time. Many buildings are composed of patterned brick or stone on the lower floor, but nearly all Tudor Revival structures will at some point transition to half-timbering. Half-timbering was a Tudor-era construction method in which a timber frame for the house would be constructed, but then the spaces between timbers were filled in with plaster or brick instead of more wood. The result was that the timber frame was left exposed, visible, and became part of the decorative elements of the building.
Historic Pickering Village within the Town of Ajax – 109 Old Kingston Road – TudorBurlington – 566 Locust Street – Tudor style, verge board trimCambridge – Galt Book 1 – 4 Brant Road South – Tudor-like style with exposed beams but with red brick exterior; 2nd floor balcony above verandahCobourg Book 3 – 174 Green Street – 1840 – Haskell House was built in the Tudor Gothic style – It was a theological college to train Anglican priests. For many years it was a public school known locally as the Corktown School. In 1906, Mrs. Haskell of Chicago bought it as a summer home and added a second story and a back wing.Cornwall – 101 Second Street West – Tudor half-timbering in gable; two-story bay window; pediment; turned wooden porch supports with open railingDundas Book 2 – 67 South Street – Tudor style trimDunnville Book 1 – 241 Broad Street West – The Lalor Estate is a two-and-a-half-story residence with a four-gable roof and a wraparound veranda with fluted columns. This Edwardian structure was built in 1905. Its builder was Francis Ramsey Lalor, a prominent Dunnville businessman, politician, philanthropist, and entrepreneur. His business interests included two dry goods stores, a grocery store, an apple evaporator, natural gas wells, the F.R. Lalor Canning Factories, the F.R. Lalor Ashes Company, and the Monarch Knitting Mills. The exterior walls are red brick. There is a two-story bay window, Tudor-style timbering in the gable, a pediment above the entrance with a decorative tympanum, and sidelights beside the front door.Elmira Book 1 – 20 South Street – Tudor style, pediment above porchFergus – St. David Street – W. G. Beatty, Foundry – c. 1912 – Tudor styleRidgeway – 1061 Ridge Road NorthGuelph Book 1 – 26 Stuart Street – Ker Cavan Coach House built 1928-29 in the Tudor Revival style as part of the expansion of Ker CavanIngersoll Book 1 – 316 Oxford Street – Many of the features of a Tudor style house have been incorporated in this home, including the patterned brick work, interesting chimney treatment, groups of rectangular windows, and complex roof line with many gables. Straight clean lines and design are typical. The home was built in 1937 and given to Harold and Lorna Wilson by his father E.A. Wilson as a wedding present. The Wilson family owned the Ingersoll Machine & Tool Company and were also involved in speed boat racing. In 1939 Harold won the President’s Cup with his craft “Miss Canada”, making the first time in U.S. boat racing history that the cup was won by a foreigner. Harold is included in the Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame.Kingston Book 6 – King Street West – Tudor style, dormersKitchener Book 2 – 222 Pandora Crescent – Tudor styleDryden – Tudor styleLondon – Tudor styleNiagara Falls Book 1 – 6135 Culp Street – This was the home of H. R. Acres, the Chief Hydraulic Engineer for the Sir Adam Beck Generating Station No. 1. The Tudor Revival style is shown with its exposed wood beams. The central bay projects forward and is surmounted by a central pediment in the roof. The front entrance is protected by a roof supported by brackets. The front entrance has a double door with sidelights.Niagara-on-the-Lake Book 1 – 184 Queen Street – Tudor styleOshawa Book 3 – 55 Connaught Street – J.H. Beaton House – c. 1928 – Tudor styleOttawa Book 3 – 17 Blackburn Avenue – Embassy of Bosnia and Herzegovina – Tudor style – half-timbering, dormersOttawa Book 2 – 555 Mackenzie Avenue – The Connaught Building – 1913 – Tudor Gothic – named after the Duke of Connaught, third son of Queen Victoria, who served as 10th Governor General of Canada from 1911–16 – faced in rusticated sandstone, embellished with turrets, a crenellated roof line, buttresses, corbelling, niches, carved embellishments, an ogee arched entrance and rows of flat-headed windows accented by dressed quoinsOttawa Book 3 – 197 Wurtemburg Street – 1869 – Embassy of the Republic of Turkey – Tudor style – The central portion of the building was a picturesque Gothic Revival structure constructed for W.F. Whitcher, Commissioner of Fisheries. The two wings and the Tudoresque half-timbering were added when the structure served as a Children’s Hospital from 1888-1904.Owen Sound Book 2 – Tudor styleParis Book 1 – 42 Broadway Street West – Tudor style stucco housePort Colborne Book 1 – 72 Charlotte Street – St. James’ Guild Hall – Tudor style, turretPort Hope Book 3 – 44 Pine Street North – c. 1816 – The two-story brick house in the Tudor Manor style has a steeply pitched gable roof, two chimneys, decorative buttresses, stepped gables with thickly molded windows, and enclosed front porch. on the ground floor there are double casement sash windows with Gothic tracery and a quatrefoil pattern in the top two panes. On the frontispiece above the brick porch is a Gothic arched double casement sash window. The brick porch is reinforced at the corners by attached pillars.Sarnia Book 3 – 144 Maria Street – Tudor style – Elizabethan ManorSault Ste. Marie – 1129 Queen Street East – A-frame dwelling with Tudor half-timbering on the gableSt. Catharines Book 3 – 344 Merritt Street – The former Merritton Public Library was built in 1924 through a grant for the Andrew Carnegie Foundation. The building was designed in the Neo-Tudor style by renowned local architect Arthur Nicholson. The front entrance has a large Tudor-arch with decorative buttresses. A decorated parapet surrounds the flat roof and there is a single chimney. The exterior of the building is a dark discolored rough brick. There is a light-colored stone frieze around the building located below the diamond shaped stone decorations in the brickwork. The many windows allow a lot of natural light into the building. The windows are surrounded by wooden mullions.St. Catharines Book 4 – 113 Lake Street – The former Grantham Fire Hall was constructed of steel and masonry in the Neo-Tudor style. The traditional red brick facade is laid in Flemish bond pattern; there is an elaborate decorative painted wood cornice and frieze. Decorative, rare circle muntin bars are in second floor windows. A stone carving set in entablature over the main door shows a fire carriage being pulled by horses, and stone plaques set in masonry show the firefighting crest. The building was built to accommodate a horse drawn hose wagon.St. Marys Book 1 – 218 Jones Street East – Tudor Revival – 1914 – Jacobean gables, dormer, gambrel roofStoney Creek – 91 Lake Avenue – Tudor, corner quoinsThamesford – 127 Delatre Street West – Tudor half-timberingThunder Bay Book 1 (Port Arthur) – 35 High Street – Tudor half-timbering on steep gables, shed dormer in atticThunder Bay Book 3 (Fort William) – 400 Catherine Street South – This house was built in 1911 for William Ross and his family. Ross worked as an engineer on the Canadian Pacific Railway and as the treasurer of Northern Engineering. Starting in 1947 the house was used by the Lakehead Board of Education. In 1966 it was sold and was divided into apartments and remains as such today. This two and a half story Tudor Revival home was constructed of red sandstone. Architectural features include the massive three story portico on the facade, and the truncated hipped roof. The north and south slopes of the roof each have a chimney.Tillsonburg – #16 – Tudor styleTown of Pelham (Fonthill) – Pelham Street – TudorWaterdown – 47 Elgin Street – Tudor styleWaterloo Book 1 – 33 Erb Street West – Tudor styleWaterloo Book 1 – 47 Albert Street – a Tudor Revival (Arts and Crafts) style house built in 1924 by the manager of the Globe Furniture Company, a world leader in furniture manufacturing especially church and school furnishings and religious carvingsWelland Book 1 – 41 Frazer Street – Rose-Rohaly House – three-story residence built c. 1906 – converted in 1920s to Tudor Revival style characterized by exposed timbers with stucco infill and multi-paned windowsWelland Book 2 – 194 Merritt Street West – Tudor styleWindsor Book 1 – 811 Devonshire Road – Foxley – The Ambery-Isaacs House – 1906-1907 Tudoresque/Arts and Crafts – half-timbered upper story and gable, and the entrance portico blend Medieval and early 20th Century in a harmonious mannerWindsor Book 1 – 1899 Niagara Street – Willistead Manor – The exterior of gray limestone, quarried in Amherstburg, was hand-cut at the Willistead work site by Scottish stonemasons specifically imported for the project. Tudoresque half-timberingWindsor Book 1 – 2088 Willistead Crescent – Tudor style – Dr. Charles W. Hoare Residence – 1920Woodstock Book 3 – 140 Vansittart Avenue – Tudor Revival style – 1½ story, stucco/timber in gables, salt box roof and gable roof at rear with gable wall dormer, multi-lights in grouped casement windows, off-centered doorWoodstock Book 4 – 93 Light Street – c. 1849 – Modern Tudor architectural style – two-story, rug brick, trunked roof, shed dormer, off-centered door
Regency Cottage, 1830-1860 – This style originated in England in 1815 and spread to Ontario later in the 19th century as British officers retired to Canada. It is a modest one-story house with a low-pitched hip roof and has a symmetrical front facade.
Regency Style, 1811-1820: Numerous towns and cities enjoy elegant rows of terraced houses built in what is now called the Regency Style. Windows are tall and thin, with very small glazing bars separating the panes of glass. Balconies are of extremely fine ironwork, made of such delicate curves as to seem almost too frail to support the structure. Proportions are kept simple, relying on clean, classical lines for effect rather than decorative touches. Windows and doors, particularly those on the ground floors, are often round-headed. Curved bow windows are popular, and detached villas often featured garden windows extending right down to the ground.
Ontario Cottage – one or one-and-a-half story buildings with a cottage or hip roof. The cottage roof is an equal hip roof where each hip extends to a point in the center of the roof. The hip roof has a long hip in the center. The Ontario Cottage is the vernacular design of the Regency Cottage which generally has a more ornate doorway and a partial or full verandah surrounding it. The roof can have a dormer, a belvedere, and generally two chimneys.
New Hamburg Book 1 – 244 Peel Street – Gothic Regency CottagePreston – King Street – Ontario Cottage – cement window hoodsCayuga – 2 Talbot Street – Regency CottageCobourg Book 1 – 212 King Street West – This Ontario cottage was the birthplace of Oscar-winning Hollywood actress Marie Dressler. Completely restored, it now serves as Cobourg Tourist Office. Memorabilia from Marie Dressler’s career and video clips from her movies are on display. Built in 1833, the cottage was of simple design, with two rooms off each side of a central hallway. It had embellishments suited to a family of means, such as high ceilings, large windows, impressive moldings and an elaborate front door. Dressler was a youngster who had a dream of being on the stage; she dared to follow that dream, and persisted in the development of her craft, through times of success and failure. At an age when most stars are long forgotten by Hollywood producers, Dressler reached the pinnacle of her career.Colborne – 7 King Street West – c. 1830 – In 1846, Cuthbert Cumming and his wife Jane McMurray, acquired a portion of this two-acre property, and the balance in 1852. Cumming was born in Scotland and after working in the Canadian west and Quebec, he retired as a Chief Trader for the Hudson Bay Company. He remained in Colborne for many years, listed in the census records as a “gentleman” until his demise in 1870. The front elevation of this classic Regency Cottage with its low profile and deep roof overhang hides a secret. There are actually five levels, including a stone basement that housed the kitchen and servants in the mid-19th century.Inglewood – 53 McKenzie Street – Mill Worker’s Cottage – mid 1880s – This 1½ story frame Ontario Cottage is built with a center entry, steep center gable and Gothic window in a style known locally as Rural Gothic or Carpenter’s Gothic. In 1905, Jacob Sithes purchased the house from mill owner David Graham.Burford Book 1 – 110 King Street – Dr. Hervey Ross House – 1851 – It is usually called “The Miller House” and is a rare example of a Regency winged temple building. It is called a “winged plan” because it has a one and a half story central body with flanking one-story wings. Decorative features are fancy verge board along the front gable and French casement style windows.Burford Book 1 – 133 King Street – Regency CottageBurford Book 1 – 140 King Street – Regency CottageTerra Cotta – 206 King Street – Blacksmith’s House – late 1870s – This 1½ story frame Ontario Cottage was likely built by William Wright and features a center gable Gothic window, center entry and full front veranda. In 1881, it was sold to the first of several blacksmiths starting with James Carroll, then Robert Gibson in 1900, followed by William G. Marshall in 1908. Gibson and Marshall likely used this house for worker accommodation or for rental.Cobourg Book 5 – 18 Spencer Street East – Known as ‘The Poplars’. The Spencers, Beatty’s and Daintry’s who lived here were closely associated with the history and development of Cobourg and were connected to well-known Canadian families including the Ryersons. Early Ontario Regency ArchitectureDundas Book 1 – 262 King Street West – old stone Regency Cottage – 1830 – dormer in atticDunnville Book 2 – Sweet’s Corners – 5667 Rainham Road – Gothic Ontario CottageElmira – 4 South Street – one story Ontario Cottage with dormer in hipped roofBolton – 52 Sterne Street – circa 1870s – This 1½ story Regency Cottage has the characteristic center entry flanked by symmetric windows and arched window in the center gable. The exterior is clad in wood. The shutters appear to be original and are functional rather than merely decorative. There is clear etched glass in the transom light over the door.Bolton – 37 King Street East – William Norris House – late 1850s – This frame Regency Cottage with picket fence was purchased by William Norris in 1864. He built a store addition to the east side with a separate door and window to the street. Originally clad in roughcast plaster, it was later veneered in red brick with yellow brick trim, and decorated with ornate door stoop, carved posts and cast-iron railing, all of which have been painted over or replaced. It was bought in 1910 by Alderman D.B Kennedy, Bolton Hydro and school board member who eliminated the separate store by converting its door to a window. John and Vera Elliott Goulter bought the house in 1953 and lived here for 60 years.Grimsby Book 1 – 129 Main Street West – Canterbury Cottage – This historic home was built in 1852 by Charles Nelles, son of Robert, and was deeded to his widowed half-sister Catharine Bingle Porter. Catharine was the daughter of Robert Nelles’ second wife, Maria Bingle. This Regency cottage with its low hip roof and large windows has a cozy appearance that hides its spacious, elegant interior. Two additions have been made to the rear of this home. The bent Catalpa tree in front of the house was once said to be a marker on an early Indian trail, leading south to flint beds in Wainfleet.Guelph Book 1 – #29 – limestone cottageIngersoll Book 1 – 185 Oxford Street – This one-story Ontario Cottage with a hipped roof is over one hundred years old. Its most attractive features are the front porch with the decorative fascia board, molded brackets and interesting railing construction and the two stained-glass panels in the front windows. This house was built for his sister by F. Richardson, lumber dealer and owner of a planing mill. He became involved in the lumber business around 1885 and erected or supplied lumber for many buildings in the area.Mount Pleasant – 676 Mount Pleasant Road – This circa 1830 Regency Gothic cottage was the manse of the first Presbyterian and resident minister in the village, Reverend John Bryning – board and batten construction.Mount Pleasant – 641 Mount Pleasant Road – This farmhouse was built in 1860 in distinctive Regency style evident in the long front windows in fitted panels. The bay window has Victorian details. Both the Phelps and McAllister families have a multi-generation history in the village reaching back to the early 1800s.Neustadt Book – The Right Honourable John Diefenbaker, son of a local school teacher, was born in this house on September 18, 1895. A distinguished Parliamentarian, he was first elected to the House of Commons in 1940 and served as 13th Prime Minister of Canada, 1957-1963. Gothic Regency Cottage, verge board on gable.Niagara Falls Book 1 – 6103 Culp Street – c. 1798 – This was James Forsyth’s second home in Drummondville. Forsyth was one of the first ten families to settle in this area in 1783. For many years Isaac Culp owned the house and farmed the surrounding land. It is in the Regency Cottage style in a square plan with a low hip roof and symmetrical arrangement of openings across the front facade.Otterville – 225422 Main Street West – Oddy House – constructed in 1861 – Also called Woodlawn Place which is associated with Thomas Wright, a local, prominent inventor who designed and lived in the building in the mid-nineteenth century. Wright was influenced by Dr. Orson Fowler, whose 1853 book, The Octagonal House “A Home For All”, encouraged the practicality of octagonal dwellings. Fowler argues that these homes were easier to heat and made greater use of the sun’s rays. It is a fine example of the Regency Cottage style of architecture although its octagonal shape makes it unusual. The building is of plank construction with board and batten siding. The overall plan consists of a 45-foot octagon with a 20 foot by 20-foot wing that is situated to form a trapezoidal umbrage at the side of the house. Typical of the Regency style, Woodlawn Place features a wide roof overhang and deep fascia boards. The front door is flanked with sidelights and Doric pilasters, complimented by a simulated entablature above.Paris Book 3 – 899 Keg Lane Road – This 1½ story Regency Style house with four cobblestone walls was built for Charles and Margaret O’Neail, circa 1861, by his father Daniel O’Neail who came to Canada from Ireland in 1830. Daniel was the first president of the Paris Agricultural Society; Charles later served as president.Port Colborne Book 2 – 1271 Sherk Road – The property was passed on to David Sherk, son of Casper Sherk, in April 1806. The Sherks came from Pennsylvania and were among the first families to settle in Humberstone. During the mid-1870s, an Ontario farmhouse was built near the center of the lot. The house is an excellent example of nineteenth century farm house building styles and techniques. It displays features of Regency, Gothic and Italianate styles of architecture. Regency detailing is seen in the large first floor windows and wraparound porch. Gothic styling is in the deep eaves and scroll work on the porch posts, and the vertical and horizontal clapboard siding. The Vernacular Ontario Gothic Cottage addition has large multi-pane, sash-type windows with Italianate hooded surrounds, end chimneys and a field stone foundation.Port Hope Book 3 – 17 Victoria Street South – Samuel Coombe Cottage – c. 1860 – This is a one story high hip-roofed Ontario cottage, roughly square in plan with an ell to the rear. Constructed in stretcher-bond brick, it stands on a level site on a corner lot. The facade is symmetrically arranged around a central front door flanked by sidelights and transom. The gable is decorated with barge board and accented by a round-headed window and topped by a spike finial and ornament. Of special interest is the front door vestibule that could be seasonally removed in the warmer months. Samuel Coombe (1826-1905) was born in Stowford County, Devon England emigrating to Port Hope during the prosperous early 1850’s. He made a contribution as a carpenter during the building boom, and into the following decades.Portland Book – Newboro – 14 Main Street – The Richard Blake House – c. 1858 – Ontario Cottage – 1½ stories; gable window over front doorway provided light to a central hallway on the upper floor; intricate treillage work on the veranda posts, open railingRockwood – Main Street – Gothic Ontario Cottage, verge board trim on gable, sidelight, transom window, arched voussoirsSarnia Book 1 – 316 Brock Street North – 1860 – Regency Cottage, hipped roofThunder Bay – Fort William Book 2 – 200 May Street South – Blake Funeral Chapel – built in 1935 in the Regency style – dormer in hipped roof, voussoirs over round-arched first-floor windowsTown of Lincoln – Beamsville – 4918 King Street – Woodburn Cottage – The land was originally deeded by Crown Patent to Jacob Beam in 1801. The house built about 1834 for James B. Osborne, a merchant, postmaster and private banker. He was a prominent member of the community. The name “Woodburn” is said to have derived from James Osborne’s second wife’s family. The house is Regency Cottage in style. It is built of Flemish double stretcher bond red brick on top of a field stone foundation. The front facade has an impressive double door with sidelights and a fan transom housed in an arched brick surround. Flanking the doorway are four large, shuttered windows, each with twelve panes and flat stone lintels on top. The hipped roof has double-flued, corbeled chimneys on each corner and has a large belvedere on top.Uxbridge Book 1 – 127 Brock Street East – Benjamin & Elizabeth Clemence House, Shoemaker – c. 1879Waterloo Book 2 – 172 King Street South – the original portion, the first homestead in Waterloo, was built about 1812 by Abraham Erb; subsequent additions – white clapboard; wings on either side of center section and second-story balcony added 1855; 6-over-6 arrangement of window panes is a Georgian characteristic; symmetrical front porch between two wings with latticework, Gothic barge board and Doric columns reflects a Regency influence.Whitby Book 1 – 926 Byron Street South – James Keith Gordon House – 1853 – Regency CottageWoodstock Book 1 – 58 Victoria Street South – Ontario Cottage – 1½ story symmetrical red brick, steep hip roof, roof line continues to form roof of open porch, turned posts and balustersWoodstock Book 2 – 385 Brant Street – The dwelling was built about 1890 for Thomas A. McCleneghan, Deputy Postmaster and son of Alex R. McCleneghan (81 Perry Street) who was Postmaster. The dwelling is of the Regency style, 1½ stories, low hip roof and cottage appearance. The center door, flanked by large square windows, is typical of this style. The front entrance is flanked by three windows topped with an ellipse shape segmented head window. On the front porch, the ellipse and square designs are repeated in the lattice work. The brick work features beautiful brick work in the drip molding and chimney. Other details include a rectangular patterned verge board, an iron-crested bay window accented with a pair of finals and a continually repeated pattern or rectangular patterns in windows and brickwork.
